Hi Jay, Concerning your enumeration of the permutations of "0123456789" you write: > Yes, this is recursion in a major way. Notice that the FN > calls itself not just twice, but anywhere from 2 to 10 > times. You of course were talking about the recursion *depth* or *nesting* rather than the total number of calls. As for total number:- there are *at most* 9 gCount incrementations per call so there are at least 10!/9 = 10*8! calls to your fn permutations. For string length N in place of 10 that is >= <no of perms>/(N-1) =N*(N-2)!. Not bad! A recursion with a lot of depth is a RAM hog. A recursion with a lot of calls may be slow merely because of the calling overhead. But yours is probably plenty fast. Cheers Larry S PS. Michael Kluskens tells me that Andy Prichard was Godfather of that impressive macdev announcement. PS. More Macdev gossip: The OrangeUSB 2.0 Hi-Speed PCI Board outperforms the older USB 1.1 by running up to 480 Mbits/s compared to the standard 12 Mbits/s. <www.orangemicro.com> Byebye firewire??