Hi jonathan, >do these cover '"s' [german double-s for those whose mail clients 'filter' >severely]. the toolbox routine ignores it, rightly, as it is a ligature >[like 'ae' [ae] and 'oe' [oe], and not a diacritic... btw do those pass also? Sorry I let this go by so many times: what you have been calling german double-s resembling in shape the greek beta is usually not not viewed as a ligature; it is **one letter** whose name is: der stimmlose s (unvoiced s) or der scharfe s (sharp s) It was assimilated to ss only in the period when American typewriters or ASCII keyboards squeezed it out. Are you confusing <german sharp s> with the genuine ligature tz (used mostly in gothic style German print)? The above is a current truth accepted in the the German TeX user group "Dante". The "truth" is subject to frequent revision on such matters. (But neither you nor I have licence to revise:) Cheers Laurent S