Hi Jonathan, The German <sharp s> (looks like beta) and German <double s> (i.e. ss) both exist and are neither font dependent nor interchangeable. To me that's inadmissible as ss-ligaturing behavior, nothing remotely like like the optional font-determined ligatures ff or fl or ffl of English. But with your strange historical concept of ligature you are probably right anyhow. Subject dismissed to the XFB list! Laurent S