Hi Peter Cone, > I think I have it - assuming the satellite > illuminates the whole side of the earth facing it > - I.E., the satellite's beam is *not* focussed to > a smaller cone. Sounds plausible. So we are still searching the crux of the problem and the thread has become xfb and unrelated to coding. Let's move it to xfb@.... I'm posting a satelite-navigation question there right now. Cheers, Laurent S